#10 Umar ibn al-Khattab from The History of the Khalifahs by Jalal ad- Din as-Suyuti

The things in which he was first
Al-‘Askari said: He was the first to be called
‘Amir al-Mu’minin’, the first to date events
from the Hijrah, the first to take a bait al-mal
(see the chapter on Abu Bakr), the first to
establish as a sunnah the standing (for
prayer) in the month of Ramadan, the first
who patrolled at night, the first who punished
satire, the first who punished wine-drinking
with eighty (lashes), the first who declared al-
mut‘ah (temporary marriage) haram (rather
the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, forbade it on the Day of Khaybar –
see the Muwatta’ of Imam Malik), the first to
forbid the sale of female slaves who had borne
children to their masters, the first to assemble
for prayers over the dead with four takbirs, the
first to have a register, the first to make
conquests, the first to survey the Sawad (the
cultivated land of Iraq), the first to convey
food from Egypt upon the Aylah Sea (Gulf of
‘Aqabah) to Madinah, the first who dedicated
sadaqah (purely for the sake of Allah) in
Islam, and the first who adjusted the division
of inheritances (in cases where the calculated
portions add up to more than the total
inheritance), the first to take the zakat of
horses, the first to say, ‘May Allah lengthen
your life,’ (he said it to ‘Ali) and the first to
say, ‘May Allah help you,’ (he said it to ‘Ali).
This is the end of what al-‘Askari mentioned.
An-Nawawi said in his Tahdhib that he was
the first to adopt the whip. Ibn Sa‘d mentions
it in the Tabaqat, and he said: It used to be
said, after him, ‘The whip of ‘Umar is more
terrible than your sword.’ He (an-Nawawi)
continued: He was the first to appoint qadis in
the provinces, the first who established the
provinces of (the cities of) Kufa, Basra, and of
Mesopotamia, Syria, Cairo (Egypt), and Mosul.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Isma‘il ibn Ziyad
said: ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib passed by the mosques
in Ramadan and in them there were lamps, so
he said, ‘May Allah illuminate ‘Umar in his
grave, as he has illuminated our mosques for
us.’
Section: Ibn Sa‘d said: ‘Umar appointed a
meal (flour) house and put flour in it, parched
barley meal, dates, raisins and necessities, in
order to help the traveller whose journey was
interrupted (through need or other causes),
and he established between Makkah and
Madinah on the road that which would be
useful to travellers whose journeys were
interrupted. He demolished the Mosque of the
Prophet, added to it, expanded it and floored
it with pebbles. He was the one who evicted
the Jews from the Hijaz (and sent them) to
Syria, and evicted the people of Najran (and
sent them) to Kufa. He was the one who
moved the Station of Ibrahim back (from the
Ka‘bah) to where it is today, and it used to be
adjoining the House.